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Dos nuevos artículos de profesores Julieta Suárez-Cao y Gabriel Negretto, abordan el proceso de la nueva Constitución en Chile

Dos nuevos artículos que abordan el proceso de la nueva Constitución en Chile, han sido publicados en "Hague Journal on the Rule of Law", por los profesores Julieta Suárez-Cao y Gabriel Negretto. El trabajo de la profesora Suárez-Cao lleva por título "Reconstructing Legitimacy After Crisis: The Chilean Path to a New Constitution", donde analiza el rol de la ciudadanía y los movimientos sociales en la configuración de la Asamblea Constitucional, y como esta puede reconstruir la confianza de los chilenos en la política.

Por su parte el artículo del profesor Gabriel Negretto "Deepening Democracy? Promises and challenges of Chile’s Road to a New Constitution", sostiene principalmente que el nuevo proceso constitucional posee tres características, que no solo son deseables desde el punto de vista normativo, sino también compartidas por episodios exitosos de reemplazo constitucional en regímenes democráticos: la redacción del nuevo texto en una asamblea sujeta a reglas preexistentes, mecanismos inclusivos de representación y toma de decisiones, y la participación ciudadana directa.

A continuación acceda a los artículos:


Reconstructing Legitimacy After Crisis: The Chilean Path to a New Constitution
Julieta Suárez-Cao


ABSTRACT

Social movements have contested the elitist character of Chilean political institutions in the streets for the past two decades. Citizens have distanced themselves from conventional participation, and turnout rates dropped dramatically. Protesting against unequal treatment and demanding “dignity,” the social uprising in 2019 in Chile consisted of massive protests marked by large-scale demonstrations and violent riots alike. Lasting many weeks, the protest-driven crisis opened up the opportunity for a constitutional change. Political elites agreed on a referendum on a new constitution to channel heterogeneous demands put forward by leaderless and inorganic protests and demonstrations. This critical juncture brought about by the social uprising set in motion institutional change that, confirming theoretical expectations, entirely departs from the status quo. Furthermore, amidst a profound representation crisis, social organizations pushed for reforms in the electoral system to select conventional delegates to restore confidence and legitimacy in representative institutions. Based on evidence that diversity in elective bodies boosts perceptions of legitimacy, proposals included gender parity in both nominations and results, the possibility for independent candidates to run in lists, and reserved seats for indigenous peoples. The result was a constitutional assembly with 50% of women, delegates from ten indigenous peoples, and many independent candidates elected. Time will tell if this constitutional assembly manages to rebuild Chileans’ trust in politics.

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Deepening Democracy? Promises and challenges of Chile’s Road to a New Constitution
Gabriel Negretto


ABSTRACT

As a response to mass mobilizations against the political and social status quo, a multiparty agreement activated a process to replace the constitution in Chile, three decades after the country’s transition to democracy. I argue that this process has three features that are not only desirable on normative grounds but also shared by successful episodes of constitutional replacement in democratic regimes: the drafting of the new text in an assembly bound by preexisting rules, inclusive mechanisms of representation and decision making, and direct citizen involvement. These features, in interaction with the popular repudiation of the elite-biased institutions inherited from the Pinochet era, might lead to a new constitutional arrangement that deepens democratization by expanding citizen rights, strengthening executive constraints, and removing restrictions on majority rule. Yet the realization of the full democratic potential of this constitutional change depends on the still uncertain ability of constitution makers to compromise on a text that is not only seen as legitimate among ordinary citizens but also promotes coherent goals, effective institutions, and good governance.

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